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Olav Engelbrektsson〔Also spelled: Olaf, Olavus; Engelbertsen.〕 ( c. 1480, Trondenes, Norway – 7 February 1538, Lierre, Duchy of Brabant, Habsburg Netherlands ) was the 28th Archbishop of Norway from 1523 to 1537, the Regent of Norway from 1533 to 1537, a member and later president of the ''Riksråd'' (Council of the Realm), and a member of the Norwegian nobility. He was the last Roman Catholic to be the Archbishop of Norway before he fled to exile in 1537. After his death, Olav Engelbrektsson was given a "bad reputation as an untrustworthy and scheming prelate" (''dårlig ettermæle som en upålitelig og intrigant prelat'' ) by the Protestant historians.〔 Øystein Rian, "Olav Engelbrektsson", in: ''Norsk biografisk leksikon, 2. utgave, bind 2'' (''Norwegian Biographical Dictionary, 2nd Edition, Volume 2'' ), edited by Jon Gunnar ( Oslo : ''Kunnskapsforlaget'' (Knowledge Publishers ), 2000 ), ISBN 82-573-1004-2.〕 His reputation did not improve after 1814, when Norway made its declaration of independence from Sweden, because he was still blamed for promoting the Catholic Church at the expense of Norwegian independence.〔 Øystein Rian, "(Olav Engelbrektsson )", ''Norsk Biografisk Leksikon'', retrieved 1 April 2013.〕 But the later historians – Absalon Taranger in 1917, Sverre Steen in 1935 and Lars Hamre in 1998 – have rehabilitated most of his reputation with detailed studies and labeled most of the accusations as unfair. == Background == Olav Engelbrektsson is believed to have been born at Trondenes near Harstad in Troms around 1480 as the son of Engelbrekt Gunnarsson and Jorunn. Engelbrekt Gunnarson was a ''bondefører'' ( a leader of farmers ) and ''storbonde'' ( a large landowner ) in Romerike in Eastern Norway around 1447. He kept getting in arguments and fights with the Danish bailiff Lasse Skjold and eventually killed him. Researchers believe that that is why Engelbrekt and Jorunn moved to Trondenes, where his son Aslak was already living because, at that time, Aslak was the wealthiest man between Bergen and Senja.〔 Per Agnar Auran, ''Skatval. Vår historiske arv, bind 5'' (''Skatval : Our Historical Heritage, Volume 5'' ) ( Skaval : ''Skatval Historielag'' (Historical Society of Skatval ), 2007 ), ISBN 82-995735-7-2, page 403.〕 Young Olav was raised in a home that was always opposing the Danish overseers, and that might have been one of the several influences of his attitude towards the Danes in his years as the Archbishop.〔Auran, ''op. cit.'', page 402.〕 Olav Engelbrektsson was from an old landowning family in Romerike, and it is often claimed that he and his family belonged to the gentry. King Christian I of Denmark was supposed to have ennobled Engelbrekt Gunnarson and his descendants sometime before 1480 but, in 1961, cand. philol. Trygve Lysaker wrote that the documentation did not exist to such a claim.〔〔 Trygve Lysaker, ''Erkebiskop Olav Engelbrektssons bakgrunn'' (''Archbishop Olav Engelbrektsson's Background'' ), pages 1–10 in ''Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter'' (''Writings of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters'' ), No. 3, Year 1961 ( Trondheim : ''F. Brun Bokhandel'' (F. Bruns Bookstore ), 1961 ).〕 Nevertheless, the family had a coat of arms – a blue shield showing a red rose surrounded by three lilies. Five of Olav's relatives belonged to the clergy. Two of them were his paternal uncles Sakse Gunnarsson and Gunnar Gunnarson. Gunnar was a canon in Oslo, a profession that even some of his own sons chose. It is known that Olav and four of these relatives studied at foreign universities. His uncle Sakse was the one who gave Olav clerical education. There is a prevailing theory among the Norwegian genealogists that Olav Engelbrektsson was not the first member of his family to be the Archbishop of Nidaros.〔 Anders Stølen, "''Olav Engelbrektsson og (Aspe=ætta ) : Resyme over synspunkt'' (Olav Engelbrektsson and the Aspa Family : Summary of the Theories )", in : Bjørn Austigard and Rolf Strand, editors, ''Romsdal Sogelag Årsskrift 1995'' (''1995 Yearbook of the Historical Society of Romsdal'' ) ( Molde : A.s. EKH and Engers Boktrykkeri, 1995 ), ISBN 82-90169-48-5, page 232.〕 But, throughout his life, the records were more concerned with the church, the politics and the wars than with the families. So there may not be enough evidence to prove that Olav was the grandnephew of the 25th Archbishop Olav Trondsson, the nephew of the 26th Archbishop Gaute Ivarsson and the uncle of his own successor, Torbjørn Olavssøn Bratt, the first Lutheran "superintendent" of Trondheim.〔 See the discussions forums at ''Arkivverket : Riksarkivet go Statsarkivene'' (''Archives : Royal and State Archives of Norway'' ) under "(Erkebishop Olav Engelbrektsson )", posted between 28 August 2004 and 13 August 2007 with 94 messages, and "(Erkeb. Olav Engelbrigts. ) og slektskr. rundt han i Trondenes og omegn" (Arch. Olav Engelbrigts. and his Relatives in Trondenes and Area ), posted between 18 January 2008 and 9 August 2010 with 900 messages, for more details.〕 He did help with the education and careers of Torbjørn and his brother, Jens Olavssøn Bratt, but their biographies at ''Norsk Biografisk Leksikon'' do not name him as their uncle.〔The biographies of (Torbjørn Olavssøn Bratt ) and (Jens Olavssøn Bratt ) are at the online ''Norsk Biografisk Leksikon'' (''Norwegian Biographical Dictionary'' ). Their mother is supposed to be Maria Engelbrektsdatter, the sister of the Archbishop, but she is listed as "unknown" in both biographies.〕 It is the same with the possibility that Olav's mother might be the daughter of Ivar Trondsson from the Aspa family in Frei in Nordmøre.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Olav Engelbrektsson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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